Wednesday, March 11, 2020
ââ¬ÅMaster Haroldââ¬Âââ¬Â¦and the boys Essay Essays
ââ¬Å"Master Haroldâ⬠â⬠¦and the boys Essay Essays ââ¬Å"Master Haroldâ⬠â⬠¦and the boys Essay Essay ââ¬Å"Master Haroldâ⬠â⬠¦and the boys Essay Essay Essay Topic: Black Boy Essay on ââ¬Å"Master Haroldâ⬠â⬠¦and the male childs Introduction Master Haroldâ⬠¦and the male child is a drama written Athol Fugard in early 1982 picturing apartheid in South Africa. Fugard wrote a figure of novels. short narrative. and plays having political turbulences and particularly apartheid in South Africa. In the book. he introduced friendly relationship between Whites and inkinesss where Sam. Willie. the inkinesss and Harry. a white interacts together in close friendly relationship. He contradicted it with how racism could botch friendly relationship among friends. a factor that contributed to extension of apartheid. Racism is the major subject of the drama where Harryââ¬â¢s parent shows favoritism against inkinesss. Her female parent discriminated her retainers. Sam and Willie stating Harry non to pass most clip with them. His male parent has been found most of the clip imbibing in Whites place. Although. Harry. Willie. and Sam were in good relationship. his racism that has been instilled by his parents is apparent and largely rup ture them apart. Harry being raised by a racialist household and in environment full of racism. he developed racial favoritism character that was evidenced when interacting with his monsters Sam and Willie. Harry developed prejudiced personality from the fact that he was raised by racialist installation. Harryââ¬â¢s female parent was depicted as a racialist in the drama where she employed inkinesss as retainers. They were ill paid since she believed that they did non merit good wages and good occupation. She was found forbearing her boy. Harry from interacting with them because they were black. These actions resulted to development of racism character in Harry. He sometimes addresses them as the foreman despite Sam and Willie being older than him. Willie calls him ââ¬Å"Master Haroldâ⬠and in some cases demand Sam who was like his male parent to name him the same name. He did this from what he experienced from his parents. Harry grew up in topographic points where people were segregated in races with designated topographic points for Whites and inkinesss. In the book. the writer wrote about different topographic points that were marked for Whites and inkinesss. Blacks were non allowed to interact with Whites at certain areassince they were regarded as ââ¬Å"whites onlyââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ ( Fugard 56 ) . For illustration. when Sam made a kite for Harry. the writer pointed out that he tied it to a place labeled Whites and since inkinesss non permitted to play at that place. they left Harry entirely. In add-on. when Harryââ¬â¢s father got rummies and was stack in white people pub. Harry had to seek permission in order for Sam to come in and pick his male parent. This was grounds that Harry grew up in a racism environment and therefore ended up as a racism. The effects of turning in a racism environments and with racialists household was apparent Harry broke an statement with same and spat on him. Harry lived with a rummy male parent who was a racialist. Since he grew up in this environment. he had developed a negative attitude about black. When Sam informed him about his fatherââ¬â¢s discharge from the infirmary. ââ¬Å"Harry tongue on himâ⬠to let go of his choler of that fact that he did non desire his male parent place ( Fugard 56 ) . He demanded to be called ââ¬Å"Master Haroldâ⬠by Sam because of his self-importance as white adult male. Although Sam had reacted on it. he was kept on toes by Willie who reminded him that Sam was merely kid who did non cognize what he was making. This evidenced that racial favoritism played a great function in making hostility and force during the apartheid epoch in South Africa. Decision Master Haroldâ⬠¦and the male child was a drama written by Fugard picturing how racism could be developed by down the household and interaction with the environments. Harry was brought up in a racialist household and environments that advocated for racism. His female parent refrained him interaction with Sam and Willie for their colour backgrounds. Although Sam. Harry. and Willie grew up as friends for a long clip despite their age differences. racial favoritism resulted in force that was evidenced when Harry spat to Sam to alleviate his choler of life with his male parent. This was a mark that Harry had developed racism from the environment he grew in. Hence. Fugard used literary work to turn to immoralities in the society. which can be explained by passage of a figure of statute law on apartheid after the drama was published. Mentions Fugard. Athol. ââ¬Å"master Haroldâ⬠and the Boys. New York: Vintage Books. 2009. Print. Beginning papers
Monday, February 24, 2020
The 7 Unbreakable Rules of Digital Strategy Success Assignment
The 7 Unbreakable Rules of Digital Strategy Success - Assignment Example It is their responses through which the company responds to the market trends. This can be done so through the during the sales process or through formally dedicated surveys conducted to know about the impulse of customers as a whole. Since the customers make up for large part of company profile, company performance, revenues and returns, it is therefore important to start off with the audience identification. Dissection and specialization of services based on the kind of audience to which the services are directed makes up for the first basic principle of success in the entire process of market driven functions. Once the audience is identified accordingly and their areas of concern and interested are dealt with, it enables handling the remaining part of process and task completion easier and practically executable in this regard. Keeping up with the constant change in the demand of the customers also serves for the criteria fulfillment with regard to the customersââ¬â¢ needs
Saturday, February 8, 2020
Marketing intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words
Marketing intelligence - Essay Example More and more consumers are shifting their buying patterns and are aligning them with the ethical consumption which caters for the requirements of environment. (Joergens, 2006) As consumers are becoming more ethical in nature, they expect the firms which they deal with to act ethically, too. Showing concern for environment and protecting it are also important ethical issues. (Bezencon and Blili, 2010) New and renewed concern for the environment is translating itself into unique consumer buying decisions. There is a growing trend where consumers also tend to prefer to do their weddings in a manner which supports the environment. The overall market of green weddings is on the rise, as people are showing more concern for the environment and are willing to act as eco-friendly stakeholders. (Grant, 2008) The existing location Manor house and its overall proximity with the nature can really prepare it to cater to the needs of customers who need green weddings. However, in order to know whe ther consumers will be willing to do business with us and utilize our green wedding facilities, it is important to perform a system marketing research and review to understand the trends. ... In order to particularly cater to the needs of customers looking for eco-friendly places to perform their weddings, it is critical to develop cross-selling opportunities so that consumers can get a complete shopping experience. (Askegaard and Bengtsson, 2005) In order to understand the dynamics of the market and to understand consumersââ¬â¢ buying behavior, it is important to perform a market research. In order to develop a comprehensive marketing plan, it is important to perform external and internal analysis of the environment in which this proposed business will operate. External Analysis Political Environment Political environment in UK is stable, with government being supportive of establishing free enterprises. Laws are being made in a manner which is supportive of the firms, with little or no interference from state into the affairs of the firms. There may be no risks of political destabilization which can actually result into significant threats and risks for business. Eco nomic Environment The economy of the UK is experiencing economic downturn and is not experiencing the required level of economic growth. Low economic growth and the depressed future outlook, therefore, are adversely affecting the consumer confidence. Low consumer confidence may result into low consumer buying activity and hence can reduce the demand for new services and products. Consumers prefer to save rather than spend, causing suppression in consumer spending and demand. Social Factors As discussed above, trends are suggesting that society as a whole prefers to conserve the environment and give more credibility to the firms which enhance the environment and protect it. Consumers are becoming more aware of
Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Indian It Industry by Ipott Essay Example for Free
Indian It Industry by Ipott Essay The Indian software exports, as is well known, have grown from less than $100 million before 1990 to over $5 billion in 2000. What is not well known is that revenue per person per year has grown from less than $20,000 to over $50,000 in most large companies in the last five years. This is not simply due to ââ¬Ëinflationââ¬â¢. Though the industry is still focused on tapping the huge software services market, most of the big players have moved from lower value services to higher value services. In the early days, the service was primarily providing technical manpower, which later moved to providing low-value services like coding and testing. Now Indian companies are operating even at the top end of the spectrum in terms of technology (Corba, Java, E-commerce, etc.) or the services (complete business solutions, consultancy, strategy, etc.). The high rates they command is an indication of the perceived value in the eyes of the customer of the services they provide. The amazing story of the Indian software industry has spread far and wide. Not only the developed countries but also other countries are equally impressed by the performance of the industry. From the presentations that representatives of various Asian and Latin American countries made in a recent workshop in China on ââ¬ËIT industry in developing countriesââ¬â¢, it is evidently clear that many developing countries today want to emulate the Indian success story. Within India, however, many people continue to view the industryââ¬â¢s success with a mixture of admiration and skepticism. There is a lingering fear or doubt in the minds of many about whether the industry is inherently strong or is it just tapping a window of opportunity which will soon be tapped by other Asian countries with large population and better infrastructure. Given the state of almost everything else in the country, such doubts are not unreasonable. However, India Software Inc has developed some solid strengths that will continue to serve it well, and which will not be easy to emulate by others. We at iPOTT (www.ipott.com) initiated a SWOT, gathering information and opinion from the market. The summed up information is very beneficial for the understanding of the INDIAN SOFTWARE MARKET.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
The Life Cycle of a Social Problem Essay -- essays research papers
The Life Cycle of a Social Problem à à à à à A social problem is a condition that a group of people view as being undesirable. These can be a variety of different à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âproblems.à ¢Ã¢â ¬?They can occur in your community, school, church or any place that people interact with each other or an object. When a social problem arises there is a general way that they are handled. à à à à à The earliest of definition on how a social problem is reconized was made by Richard Fuller and Richard Myers. There cycle had three stages. The first stage was that the group had to some situation or behavior as a problem. Once they stated that there was a problem the next step was to transforms the situation or beahvior into a public debate to discuss that certain problem and how it could be dealt with and how the problem existed in the first place. This was a long process in which both sides discussed how it would be handled and also what would make both sides of the argument happy. The final stage is reform. This is the stage in which the solution to the problem would actually be put forth to the public so it would resolve or in many cases make the problem much more easy to live with. à à à à à The previous form of the stages of a social problem was thought to be the guidelines until Robert Ross and Gramham Staines revamped the cycle. In their cycle there were a few more details and checks that a social problem had to go though to complete the cycle. The first stage in the life cycle of a social prolem is when group of people that has determined that a situation or behavior is presienaic in terms of their ideas and or beliefs.Why the cycle started this way was pretty simple, without someone or a group of people having a problem with a situation or particular thing then there couldn't be a social problem in the first place. à à à à à The next stage in the life cycle cycle was to turn the issue into public knownledge. They could demonstrate for there solution or they could even write into a newspaper and tell them there story and how they would like it too be handled. The most important aspect in this step is by far the media. Although the people that are opposed to your point of view might try to sway the publics views on the situation by making you look like the guilty party, the media can always show s... ...is is if that just because the crusader has achieved a victory today doesn't mean that they should stop to bring a constant reminder to the public that if someone would try to change a law or rule that was made that it would be detrimental to the whole community in there mind and their supports. This is also known as never being happy with anything that you have done or said because if so then why did you lobby for it in the first place. à à à à à Lastly an important part that is associated with the life cycle of a social problem is resource mobilization. This is a part of all of the step of the life cycle. This is because if you dot have the means to argue or put thought a problem then there isn't a way that it will even become a social problem. Also there is the point that people that are well off are more likely to help with a social problem then people or groups that are not. In conclusion the life cycle of a social problem is a very structured cycle these days. It has four parts that any problem will have to overcome in order to be classified as one. Lastly with every problem the solution that come out will not nessarly be the best one but it is a start. The Life Cycle of a Social Problem Essay -- essays research papers The Life Cycle of a Social Problem à à à à à A social problem is a condition that a group of people view as being undesirable. These can be a variety of different à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âproblems.à ¢Ã¢â ¬?They can occur in your community, school, church or any place that people interact with each other or an object. When a social problem arises there is a general way that they are handled. à à à à à The earliest of definition on how a social problem is reconized was made by Richard Fuller and Richard Myers. There cycle had three stages. The first stage was that the group had to some situation or behavior as a problem. Once they stated that there was a problem the next step was to transforms the situation or beahvior into a public debate to discuss that certain problem and how it could be dealt with and how the problem existed in the first place. This was a long process in which both sides discussed how it would be handled and also what would make both sides of the argument happy. The final stage is reform. This is the stage in which the solution to the problem would actually be put forth to the public so it would resolve or in many cases make the problem much more easy to live with. à à à à à The previous form of the stages of a social problem was thought to be the guidelines until Robert Ross and Gramham Staines revamped the cycle. In their cycle there were a few more details and checks that a social problem had to go though to complete the cycle. The first stage in the life cycle of a social prolem is when group of people that has determined that a situation or behavior is presienaic in terms of their ideas and or beliefs.Why the cycle started this way was pretty simple, without someone or a group of people having a problem with a situation or particular thing then there couldn't be a social problem in the first place. à à à à à The next stage in the life cycle cycle was to turn the issue into public knownledge. They could demonstrate for there solution or they could even write into a newspaper and tell them there story and how they would like it too be handled. The most important aspect in this step is by far the media. Although the people that are opposed to your point of view might try to sway the publics views on the situation by making you look like the guilty party, the media can always show s... ...is is if that just because the crusader has achieved a victory today doesn't mean that they should stop to bring a constant reminder to the public that if someone would try to change a law or rule that was made that it would be detrimental to the whole community in there mind and their supports. This is also known as never being happy with anything that you have done or said because if so then why did you lobby for it in the first place. à à à à à Lastly an important part that is associated with the life cycle of a social problem is resource mobilization. This is a part of all of the step of the life cycle. This is because if you dot have the means to argue or put thought a problem then there isn't a way that it will even become a social problem. Also there is the point that people that are well off are more likely to help with a social problem then people or groups that are not. In conclusion the life cycle of a social problem is a very structured cycle these days. It has four parts that any problem will have to overcome in order to be classified as one. Lastly with every problem the solution that come out will not nessarly be the best one but it is a start.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Business Types of Ownership Essay
Before starting any venture it is very important to figure out how the organization is going to build its chain of command. Basically no business is made for short time and for this reason a very careful measurement should be done on ownership. Choosing the appropriate ownership in an organisation depends on nature of business, type of authority, delegation of work, span of organization, type of product, production and operation, legal procedure, financial matters and so on. The basic types of ownership in a business are: http://www.themoneyalert.com/businesstypesofownership.html â⬠¢Sole Proprietorships: This type of business is operated by only one owner. He or she assumes the entire responsibility and financial claims for the business. â⬠¢Partnerships: It is a business formed by a group of people for mutual profit and liability is usually divided in accordance with capital invested. â⬠¢Government: Government can have ownership in different areas like centrally or by local government. â⬠¢Private Limited Company: Private limited companies are quite similar as partnership business and they can offer shares to family members but they cannot make public offering. â⬠¢Public Limited Company: It is the most advantageous and at the same time complicated form of ownership. It has its own legal entity, needs huge legal requirement, can make public offering and the liability is limited to share capital. Types of Hotel Ownership Different organization demands different form of ownership. In the hospitality industry it is better to have either sole proprietorship or partnership. The reason behind choosing these two types of ownership is the nature of hotel business. This business is not like something giant production or supply chain oriented. On the other hand government ownership discourages creativity. So if it is managed by one person or a group of people then it will be easier to operate rather than panicking with legal papers. The owners can freely concentrate on the business and its customers. As ownership varies from business to business, hotel is no exception in this case. Hotels mainly have three type of ownership to run and manage the business and these are franchise, privately owned and operated and leased. This ownership types are presented below: 1.Franchise Model: A franchise hotel or chain hotel is very common type of ownership. The operations are basically based on the brand image and through maintaining and using this image the hotel will earn a sustainable profit. Here the hotelââ¬â¢s owner heavily relies on the good image of the brand and if the brand loses popularity with consumers, the ownerââ¬â¢s business suffers at the same time. 2.Privately Owned and Operated This type of hotel ownership is the most common especially in small hotels. Here the owners enjoy full freedom for operation and has to encounter huge risk. 3.Leased Leased hotels are also privately owned, but the physical hotel building belongs to someone else. These types of arrangements are generally on long-term leases. The lesser will stipulate a minimum rent for the premises and may also include a sliding scale based on total revenue for ongoing rent. By Hannah Wickford, eHow Contributor http://www.ehow.com/about_5598328_types-hotel-ownership.html In this current era, the types of ownership observed in hotels are quite diversified the ones in the past. According to Fox, the types of ownerships in the past were mostly corporate body or single owner. But in the coming years more than 50% of the hotel industry will be dominated by franchise business or chain business. Group of hotel will also have significant increase in the future. Now owners are focusing on budget hotels or resorts more than going for any business class or luxury ones. On the other hand the management system in hotels are mostly decentralised in this business, but now a days the owners are quite willing to change this way of operating business. Owners are becoming more interested in doing centralised control over their business. So according to the observation it can be said that both the group of hotel and chain hotel are the best way to start hotel business. This gives owners a well-diversified option with good opportunity. They can concentrate on several locations with a specialised theme and develop themselves accordingly to offer the best product to their target market. The management system can be either centralised or decentralised based on the nature and demand of the business operation. 4.Explain how and why customers could use the different classification and grading systems when deciding on where to stay. Different Classification of Hotels Hotels are classified on the basis of the service, facilities, size, stars, location and many more. At one side there are luxurious hotels for celebrities, on the other side there are budget hotels for normal family need. Through this classification customers can easily identify which one will match their needs best. â⬠¢Resort Hotels: Resort hotels are basically built to facilitate customersââ¬â¢ holiday or trip on a certain season. They can be small one offering accommodation and food or big one offering additional services like spas, pools, beach or mountain locations, on-site kidsââ¬â¢ activities, restaurants, pool bars and babysitting services. â⬠¢Airport Hotels: Airport hotels provide facilities for air travellers. They usually have guest for very short time and many of them provide business travellers services as business people are a mass air traveller. â⬠¢Economy Hotels: Economy hotels or budget hotels provide basic services to its guest at a cheap rate. These hotels are basically attractive for family accommodations and economic people who do not need luxury. â⬠¢Suite Hotels: Suite hotels have separate services room for different customers so that there is no interruption between different customers. If they offer both business and family services then they built separate service area so that the customers are not disturbed by each otherââ¬â¢s appearance.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Questions On The Guilt Of Oedipus - 1574 Words
Section II: Counterarguments Free Will and Hamartia Counterargument #1: P. H. Vellacott for Free Will Many classicists believe that Oedipusââ¬â¢s fall is due to his Free will and the decisions he makes. Those who hold this belief hold that Oedipus made his own decisions, which is what led to his fall and that he was not compelled by some external source. P. H. Vellacott is a strong supporter of this theory. As such, in his famous essay, ââ¬Å"The Guilt of Oedipus,â⬠Vellacott argues that, factually speaking, Oedipus must have at one point thought to himself, ââ¬Å"If the man I killed was my father, and if I overcome the Sphinx and marry the queen, the oracle will be exactly fulfilled, and I shall have only myself to blame,â⬠(Vellacott 213). In other words, Oedipus, knowing the prophecy given to him, must have understood the risk he was taking in possibly fulfilling the prophecy. What Vellacott is claiming then, is that Oedipus made the choice to approach the Sphinx, in turn risking the fulfillment of that awful prophec y for the reward of a throne. Furthermore, Oedipus, in making this choice brings upon himself the curse that we are addressed within the Oedipus Rex and it is his fault alone, because he chose to take a risk. In Sophocles play, there was no investigation of the murder of king Laius; ââ¬Å"Oedipus: Trouble? What could have kept you from investigating the death of your king? Creon: The Sphinx. The Sphinx was confounding us with her riddles, forcing us to abandon our search for theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Oedipus The King à ¸ Jocasta 1078 Words à |à 5 PagesSuicide is a desperate act that puts forward a clear yet sombre statement to their audience. Keeping this is mind, the question arises, why do people commit suicide? In Sophoclesââ¬â¢ play, Oedipus The Kingà ¸ Jocasta who is both wife and mother to Oedipus is an excellent example of why one might commit suicide due to two major themes. The first theme is pride and manifests itself in Jocastaââ¬â¢s prideful character. The second theme is prophecy and its relation to suicide is found it Jocastaââ¬â¢s actions afterRead MoreGuilt And Regret Essay1338 Words à |à 6 Pages Facing and Handling the Burdens of Pain, Guilt, and Regret Analyzing how guilt and regret stick with one forever not to mention the constant weight of pain, Oedipus and Amir the (main characters) confront guilt, regret, and pain in hopes to relieve themselves from the burdens. Guilt and regret two things everyone should be very familiar with because they tend to co-sign together. However, letââ¬â¢s not forget about pain; it may haunt one forever. After all everyone knows what they did/didnââ¬â¢t doRead MoreOedipus Rex Character Analysis994 Words à |à 4 PagesGuilty Woman Within the drama Oedipus Rex, Iocastà ª becomes a central figure of the controversy surrounding the arising destruction of Thebes. The kingdom of Thebes has become the victim of a sickness causing the death of crops, animals and people. The King Oedipus has sent his brother-in-law to the Oracle of Delphi to discover the problem that is plaguing the kingdom. The Oracle reveals that in order for the plague to end, the murder of the previous king must be found and killed. In the hunt ofRead MoreA Greek Play Created By Sophocles1608 Words à |à 7 Pagesplay created by Sophocles around 335 BC, Oedipus the King tells a story about one manââ¬â¢s irony to find the previousââ¬â¢ kingââ¬â¢s murderer to seek justice. Oedipus stops at nothing to find the killer. As he questions the citizens, he only finds himself to be the killer. In this essay we explore how one major event can create multiple forms of conflict. The conflicts of Human vs. supernatural, the predestined fate of Oedip us and the gods. Human vs. human, when Oedipus heeds no warnings and stops at nothingRead MorePride Can Hinder People From Taking Other s Opinion Into Account1500 Words à |à 6 PagesPride can hinder people from taking otherââ¬â¢s opinion into account. Sophocles wrote the play Oedipus The King to accentuate that pride can lead to smugness and prevent an individual from listening to others. Oedipus, the protagonist, takes pride in his wisdom due to solving a riddle to become a king. As a result, he embarks upon a journey to unmask the culprit behind King Laoisââ¬â¢ murder to free his people from the plague. However, during the process, the prophet, Teiresias, warns him that it might bringRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King992 Words à |à 4 PagesThroughout tragedies in Greek literature, the hero always has one tragic flaw. In Sophoclesââ¬â¢ Oedipus the King, Oedipusââ¬â¢ main flaw is his overactive hubris, which in turn clouds his overall judgment. This is evident in the Chorusââ¬â¢ first ode to the city of Thebes as they try to ask the Gods for the banishment of the plague. Their answer does not come from a deity, but from Oedipus himself as he enters the palace and says, ââ¬Å"You have prayed; and you prayers shall be answered with help and release ifRead MoreTrue Character of a Man1019 Words à |à 5 PagesOedipus is a great King, and an even greater man, as Sophocles presents Oedipus in the play Oedipus the King. Oedipus originally comes to Thebes as a young man avoiding an awful fate and finds himself rescuing the people of Thebes from the Sphinx. Oedipus is wise as he speaks with her and deciphers her riddle, ââ¬Å"What goes on four legs in the morning, two at noon, and three at evening?â⬠giving the answer of ââ¬Å"manâ⬠. Little did Oedipus know this riddle would be an analogy of his life as King in ThebesRead MoreOedipus Rex Motifs And Symbols1319 Words à |à 6 Pages Oedipus Rex Motifs and Symbols The paths (3 crossroads): Expressed three independent ways Oedipus could have chosen to continue his life, and Oedipus chose the inferior road. Oedipusââ¬â¢s legs: Oedipusââ¬â¢s damaged legs and feet symbolize his painful upbringing. As well as this, it represents his mental health, which is damaged just like his feet. Vision: Oedipus can actually see, while Tiresias is actually blind. Yet, even though he can see, Oedipus is blind enough to not recognize that he killedRead MoreThe Role of Fate in Oedipus the King Essay1051 Words à |à 5 Pages Fate played an important part in the plays and literature of the Greeks as is shown in Sophocles play Oedipus Rex Sophocles lived during the Golden Age of Greece. He is renowned as one of the greatest dramaticist of western literature. He was a greek through and through as he held important political positions, and he even served as the priest of the haling diety Amynos. During his life tragedies were popular plays of the greeks, and Sophocles noted for his writingRead MoreComparison of Othello and Oedipus the King Essay525 Words à |à 3 Pages *INTRO*The character Oedipus in the play Oedipus the King by Sophocles, and the character Othello in the play Othello the Moor of Venice by Shakespeare are both tragic characters. Oedipus ends up killing his father, and marrying and having children with his mother, whereas Othello ends up mistrusting and killing his wife. These two individuals have similarities and differences in several aspects such as the roundness of their characters, the retribution that they incur upon themselves and upon
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